The Overseas Marine Management System & Experience

The countries with developed marine cause all focus their attention on the marine management and set up certain management institutions. The marine management systems of some major marine nations can be generally classified three: (1) There are several institutions which are in charge of marine affairs, while the marine law enforcement institution¡ªthe marine police institution is unique; (2) The institutions which are in charge of the marine affairs and the law enforcement institutions are all decentralized; (3) The management for the marine affairs are concentrated in one institution ,which puts the centralized and unified exercise into practice.

The marine management system of U. S. belongs to the first type. The marine affairs of the federal government are in the charge of several institutions, and the marine law enforcement institution is basically concentrated in Coast Guard. The departments which administrate the American marine affairs mainly include the NOAA of Commercial Department, the Coast Guard of U. S. , the Internal Affairs Department, the Energy Department, the Transportation Department and the State Council etc.

The marine management system of the United Kingdom belongs to the second type. Without any united governmental institutions that are responsible for the marine affairs and without the united powerful law enforcement institutions as that in U. S., the United Kingdom decentralizes the duties above mentioned into various institutions. Characterized with the clear-cut division of labor and efficient coordination, these institutions may efficiently administrate the marine affairs. An organization which is responsible for the marine affairs, aviation and environment in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in charge of coordinating the various departments about the marine policies and laws concerning foreign affairs. The Communications Department manages the sea in the following content: a) Management of marine transportation security; b) Marine environmental protection; c) Lifesaving in the sea. In order to accomplish these missions , the national coordination system is established through legislation.

The marine management system of France belongs to the third type. The marine management is in the charge of ¡° Oceanic Department ¡± in the cabinet of France government. The Oceanic Department was set up in 1981, with the major function of planning the national management as a whole, coordinating the exploitation and management of the marine resources for the purpose of making full use of the marine and coastal zone natural resources, by means of the advanced marine technology and the economic strength of the coastal zones, developing the national economy steadily, controlling and decreasing the account of unemployment and realizing the marine destination fixed in France social economic development program.

The marine management system is different from the above three types. Their administrative institutions of marine affairs are decentralized, just as that of the U. S. and united Kingdom, however, the law enforcement institutions are not so concentrate as that of the U. S. and not so decentralized as those of United Kingdom. Besides the Canadian Navy, there are another two enforcement institutions, one is the Coast Guard, and the other is Fishery Law Enforcement institution.

3.It is much more advantageous if establish a multifunctional marine law enforcement institution